Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium known for its adaptability and versatility in various environments. Most Pseudomonas species are facultative anaerobes and use an inorganic compound such as nitrate as alternate terminal electron receptor. P. aeruginosa is capable of arginine fermentation and pyruvate fermentation. The organism produces the fluorescent siderophores pyoverdin and pyochelin, which function to scavenge iron. Redox-active phenazines such as pyocyanin, the pigment that gives P. aeruginosa its characteristic blue color, play an important role in electron transport especially under microaerophilic conditions, increase the bioavailability of iron, and enhance virulence through oxidative stress.

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