A type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) creates an intricate network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures called cisternae. The outer nuclear membrane and its membranes are one and the same. All eukaryotic cell types—aside from spermatozoa and red blood cells—have endoplasmic reticulum. Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are the two varieties. Protein synthesis takes place within the ribosome-studded outer face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Most cells include the rough endoplasmic reticulum, but hepatocytes in particular.
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